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Once upon a time, in a land covered by greens, all year-around the mountain where the clouds are tranquil above the sea.

There was a boy and a girl.

They once met each other on a mountain.

And together, they created 100 babies.

They boy's name was Lac Long Quan.

The girl's name was Au Co.

And those 100 babies hatched into 100 people.

50 remained on land.

And 50 went on the become creatures of the sea.

That's how Vietnamese people were born.

That's how you were born and you were born

And i was born.

And that's the story of our motherland.

But there's a couple of people who went away

and now wanted to come back to this motherland and to discover where they're from.

Let's find out who they are today

Hey welcome back to the studio and I have Caitlyn Nguyen sitting right here with me.

We're going to be talking about her journey back to Vietnam

and how she has discovered the Vietnamese side of her cultural background.

So Caitlyn thanks a lot for coming.

Yeah thanks for having me on the show.

So why did you decide to come back to Vietnam?

Growing up in a Vietnamese American household you learn American culture and you learn your Vietnamese culture.

But it kind of seems intermixed.

So growing up you don't actually know which is which

So I wanted to come back to Vietnam and learn more about what is distinctly Vietnamese

and how does that culture kind of find itself in me.

So when you were growing up in the States righ,t you're from Orange County.

Yes it's there's also a big Vietnamese population there as well.

How has your Vietnamese culture materialized when you were growing up for you?

Unfortunately, in the area that I grew up in being different wasn't necessarily good.

Being made fun of for like having a different culture it was a thing and

I actually didn't want to be Vietnamese when I was young.

So many times I rejected it my parents would say like Oh Caitlyn you should speak Vietnamese and like nah.

But um I started to appreciate it more when I started to make more friends that were Vietnamese.

And when I started to get older and I realized that some of my family members you know

like what never learned to speak deep coherent conversations with me in English.

So I just figured there should be a time that I kind of reconnect with the culture that I kind of forwent.

For you I understand very well you know living in a place where being different wasn't so easy.

And you know a lot of the times younger people of the minority will try to reject that culture.

So I'm sure you know your parents are probably some of the sources of the Vietnamese culture.

But what was Vietnamese culture to you?

What was Vietnamese means to me, um food.

Vietnamese food was such a big part of my identity.

And there was such a big struggle for me because going to school I would have people say

oh my god why is that do you have a bag onions.

I'm like are you kidding me it's longan..? like I know they're like little white blobs but they're fruit, they're not onions.

Who just eats onions for lunch.

And it was something like that what was truly Vietnamese to me was getting to choose eat rice and meat

and veggies for lunch instead of having chicken nuggets for lunch

And that was like a part of my Vietnamese identity.

You talked about the language.

Vietnamese language isn't an easy language but it's not that difficult to understand so do you understand Vietnamese?

And how did you learn Vietnamese?

Ah so my parents probably raised me speaking Vietnamese but at certain point I think I just forgot.

I took lessons when I was younger and I think it was at the top of my class I learned mostly through rote memorization.

So I probably know some Vietnamese children's songs but have no idea what they mean like the significance of them.

And I guess most of the time if I use Vietnamese, it would be something silly in the household like

hey mom I'm gonna make you some "com".

Where's the "gao"?

Yes something like that. I used it just like a noun.

My favorite yes Vinglish.

Yes my favorites just "nuoc soi","nuoc soi".

Make sure that no one will be in your way when you carry something out the kitchen.

So why did you decide to come back to Vietnam?

There's also a different process because I am a Fulbright English teaching assistant

so I had to apply through the program first.

And with the program you choose a specific country.

It actually came back to a story where two years ago it was my second year of college.

And I was just having trouble with with friends, roommates and I needed a break.

And it was around my birthday so I said hey boyfriend let's go out to get some lunch.

And on the way to lunch I got a phone call from my mom.

And my aunt, she was in the hospital for lung cancer yeah.

And she told me she was going to die in a few days so I rushed to the hospital.

Usually she tries to speak English with me but she is on her deathbed at this point and she spoke to me in Vietnamese.

And I was like holding her hand and desperately looking around my brother's face, my parents faces.

But none of them had heard what she said.

And very ashamedly and embarrassingly I had to ask her "can you say that in English."

And so she just kind of like gave me a look and said happy birthday.

And I know that she didn't say that in Vietnamese it was like a long sentence she was saying something

about me and those were my last words from her.

And I realized I didn't understand her final words to me and that's what prompted me to really apply

for specifically Vietnam with a soft diplomacy program in the Fulbright Program.

Because not only have I realized I've for a long time I rejected my culture.

But it's also time I realized to try to make up for that and my relatives are getting older

and I want to have that connection with them.

And I never want to be like that moment again where it's too late to ever know what they said to me.

Because communications really how you bond with people.

Absolutely.

Well I'm glad you're back you know among anywhere else in the world I think Vietnam is probably the best place

to be to learn about the culture and to learn the language.

Okay so what's one vocabulary in Vietnamese that you've learnt?

Slang or an actual word?

Slang.

"So deep"?

"Chem gio"

Ah from what I could gather it's something along the lines with when close friends talk

and don't have to have any barriers and they just joke around with each other.

Is that basically what it is?

Yeah I think it is or it's just yet talking nonsense.

Talking nonsense I see.

There's another term do you know like "Banh beo"?

What is "banh beo" mean?

From what I could gather it's a very girly girl.

Yes yes are you a "banh beo" girl?

I used to have a very long hair. I think I used to look more "banh beo".

But I did that I do now when I cut my hair.

Vietnamese boys love "banh beo".

Yeah I'd love to actually share a couple of things with you but I think you know we have to go on to the next section.

Which is challenge section where we're gonna be basically sharing

I heard that you like songs.

Yes I do.

Maybe we can we can share a little bit of songs as well.

Okay all right guys let's go to the IELTS challenge.

In this IELTS challenge we're going to be listening to a couple of songs.

So Caitlyn I heard that you love songs.

Vietnamese people love to sing and also love to listen to songs as well.

So would you be able to give us a Vietnamese song.

Yeah I think I can sing this song for you.

Day the day, the dawn clears up all my troubles and pains

Day the day, my love keeps floating in the bright blue sky

My head goes blank when my eyes meet you glance

I dream of kissing you on your hair, your lips.

Hold my hand, lean on me

Next to me, I'm here with you

Wind sings my love song. Under the night sky, you're in my arms

Hold my hand, lean on me

Next to me, I'm here with you

Let's close our eyes and vow to be together

Our love will stay strong.

I had never heard that song in English before.

I like both of the versions.

My students do very cute down to Vietnamese version.

Because hearing that song in English it completely changes the nature of that song.

It does.

Yeah but I like it. Anh thanks a lot for sharing.

I hope that you can sing Vietnamese songs so that you can listen to it.

Thanks so much Caitlyn for coming by today to talk to us.

So just to close off our section,if you were to share three vocabulary that can be used to describe the self-exploration

and the roots discovering process, what will that be?

Follow your heart.

Follow your heart?

Definitely follow your heart because it'll lead you back to the place that you're looking for

Follow your heart it's definitely three words.

I think I would also add in maybe ancestors, to look to your ancestors and what they did

To look to your family tree

meaning to look at your grandparents, your parents and what did they in the past.

I think also "family heirloom".

which are some of the things are kept from generation to generation.

I think those are the three words as well that people can remember.

Thanks a lot Caitlyn for coming by

Thank you for having me.

We always, don't be a stranger always come back.

I would love to.

So guys next up is the IELTS expert section

where you'll get a chance to learn more and you'll get a chance to really dig deep into the IELTS contest.

Stay tuned.

For more infomation >> IELTS FACE-OFF | S02E11 | JOURNEY TO MOTHERLAND | Caitlyn Nguyễn | Part 1: HOT SEAT [CC] - Duration: 12:50.

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The County Seat One on one with Dr Laura Nelson Energy Advisor for Governor Gary Herbert - Duration: 28:51.

Hello everybody welcome to The County Seat

I'm your host Chad Booth. Last week the

Deseret news had a paper sponsored op ed in

their paper about carbon and Carbon referring

of course to the County and its base line

economic driver coal. In the course of that op

ed they ended up talking about the fact that we

need to wake up to the reality that coal is going

to be changing and they were just basically

saying that energy officials in the state should

be looking at re-training people and we did not

think that was a fair conversation so we have

invited to The County Seat for this half hour Dr.

Laura Nelson who is Governor Herbert's energy

advisor and the Executive Director of the

Governor's office of energy and energy

development. Thank you for taking the time to

join us here.

Thank you Chad and I'm glad to be here.

It's always good to have a chat with you.

So last time you and I talked it was just at the

beginning of the Trump Administration and

there have been no appointments made in fact

the moratorium on coal had not even been

lifted so we are a year later down the track

what has changed?

Well definitely from the federal policy level we

are seeing a more favorable outlook on coal. So

it is not just been the coal moratorium but also

we have seen positive movement when it

comes to resource management plans through

the BLM or removal of BLM's master leasing

program that they had initiated and other

things that really were impediments that I think

to advance in coal leasing in particular. We

have also seen a relook at EPA's regional haze

initiatives specifically I don't know if you recall

that EPA rejected the state's implementation

plan for regional haze and that really pertains to

two of our very large power generations

systems. Hunter and Huntington and under the

federal plan which they then wanted to invoke

we were looking at 700 million plus dollars of

new investment for those plans. The state then

basically challenged that as did Rocky Mountain

Power our large investor on utility here in the

state and said they wait a minute the state

came up with a cost effective plan that achieved

what the federal regulations required under

regional haze. So what we have now with the

new administration is a relook at the states

implementation plan as cost effective solutions

so generally from the federal level its good

news right. But we have to look at when it

comes to coal its really about demand and

supply. It is also about costs in revenues. So

let's talk a little bit about demand and supply

just in the energy space generally. What we see

right now is kind of a levelling out of domestic

energy demand partly driven by the fact that

we have changing weather considerations but

overall demand is lower and we have become

energy efficient and in terms of supply we have

new renewables coming on. At the same time

when we look at what is happening in terms of

costs we have fuel prices for natural gas

declining so that means cheaper electricity for

natural gas maybe compared to coal and on the

revenue side for coal they are really seeing

some challenges in terms of what they are able

to get for energy sales for the reasons that we

have mentioned so fuel costs being a driving

factor more renewables being a driving factor

and policy which certainly impacts costs has

moved in a favorable direction and I think it

remains to be seen whether or not it moves up

favorably enough in light of these other factors.

That does address the issue of the commodity

prices. Natural gas has tended to be a little bit

more volatile in prices than coal. We are seeing

this supply thing handled can that volatility

come back to natural gas that might further

make coal a bit more attractive?

Well that is one thing that we always talk about

when it comes to natural gas is really the

volatility in pricing. Long term contracts for

natural gas are still pretty limited because it is a

hard commodity to predict in terms of pricing.

You and I have talked before about the fact that

it's always a risk to put all of our eggs in one

basket when it comes to resources. Today

natural gas makes up about 34% of our energy

portfolio domestically or our electric generation

portfolio coal is about 30% still domestically

renewables about 13% maybe a little less and

nuclear about 20%. We are seeing a changing

mix favorable natural gas profile but I think we

certainly need to be mindful of keeping a

balanced portfolio nationally.

We have consume our first 5 minutes we are

going to take a quick break here on the County

Seat and we will come back and continue our

conversation with Dr. Nelson its always

fascinating to talk to you. We will be right back.

Welcome back to The County Seat we are

talking with Dr. Laura Nelson today and we

have covered the federal and regulatory

environment and I do want to ask one other

question on that we have this reprieve from this

pressure on coal and administrative level but

that could change in 8 years could it not?

Sure.

Does that affect the decision by some to say

let's look at our future power generation by

coal because of that uncertainty.

question. What I was talking about earlier

because when we look at a generation resource

we have to compare the revenues to the costs.

The policy piece is just one part of the costs you

have maintenance and you have the fuel costs

and we have said natural gas is cheap relative to

coal and the emissions profile associated with

natural gas is pretty favorable too compared to

coal. This does not mean that coal is bad just

different. What we need to be doing right now

is an opportunity to take that message about

coal and the environment being incompatible and

continue on this path of talking about coal as

part of the all of the above energy mix can

actually drive environmental enhancements. In

fact there were some reports that came out

recently that were paired by the National

Energy Technology Lab in 2015 that had not

previously been released and one of the things

it talked about was the importance of

innovation in the coal space continuing to drive

the efficiencies in coal and the environmental

improvements in coal because we are going to

need that as part of an overall robust energy

mix. Back to our don't put your eggs in one

basket.

Exactly. So do you feel from your perspective

that there is in that spectrum some

improvement that can still be made as far as

coal and its environmental impact?

Absolutely. Utah and I shared this with you

before has very efficient power plants top 3 in

the country I think ways we can continue to

learn better use coal generation are already

taking place one has to do with ramping how

we can move coal fired generation up and down

to move with new resources like renewable

resources come on so that is one thing that we

can do and one thing we are seeing occur and

they act more like a natural gas plant makes

them more completive perhaps for the long

term with natural gas. Also I do not think we

are given our best effort nationally to carbon

capture and ultimately sequestration

technologies we have just spent probably close

to a decade not investing in coal innovation as a

nation so I think there is bandwidth that we

have not realized yet so I think it's time to focus

on that compatibility between coal and the

environment.

comes to my mind is coal burning and spewing

old black smoke from the movies from the 30's

well there is one application for carbon and the

other I see carbon fiber and I see all these

technologies coming out that carbon capture

does it have an afterlife?

Maybe I will address this in a couple of different

parts. One is we have seen a lot of coal

retirements in the last few years with most of

them occurring in 2015 and 2016 but we have

to remember that our coal fleet is pretty much

the oldest fleet in the country so these were

those older smaller less efficient maybe not as

environmentally sound facilities. Most of those

are retired in 2015-16.

Like the Price plant in Castledale, Carbon

County.

Sure you know there are still some retirements

on the books through about 2020. It remains to

be seen whether all of those retirements occur

or not but remember we are already dealing

with an older fleet. It is natural for innovation to

come in and replace that older fleet. That's

okay so the black smoke is definitely a thing of

the past and absolutely want to highlight that

what you see can bring out of coal plants today

really is steam. So I think it's important to say

that. Back to the innovation piece if we look at

carbon capture and sequestration carbon

capture there is already a use for that captured

CO2 in commercial operations so there is

already a market and we can continue to look at

infrastructure and build up for enhanced oil

recovery or for other uses in manufacturing for

that CO2 that is in fact captured. If we are

looking at longer term if we have a sequester

the carbon that is something we have to

continue to evaluate what does that look like

over time and what are the best places for that

long term sequestration to occur. So I hope the

three general parts of your question. Let me

know if I missed anything.

We have done well we are going to take a break

because the half hour just evaporates and we

will be right back in just a minute.

Welcome back to The County Seat we are

talking with Dr. Laura Nelson from the

Governor's office of energy development. We

left on the note of innovation and uses for coal

and part of that obviously is rare earth minerals

that are in high demand particularly for some of

the other sources of electricity generation that

also can come from coal. You brought a show

and tell today.

I did I want to give you this gift advancing Utah

coal. This is a report that the office of energy

development prepared and released last year

and I have to say we did not do it in isolation we

always do it with our partners we also worked

with Carbon County to establish the advanced

coal research group that were involved in the

development of this report one of the key

things that Utah is doing to drive continued

utilization of coal as I mentioned is part of the

overall all of the above energy mix that is

important for energy and the environment is

looking at how we can continue to be

innovative. We have carbon capturing,

sequestration technologies that have been

developed right here in Utah that are

continuing to progress and looking at pilot

scenarios we have opportunity for coal to

liquids technologies and we have also have a

couple that you may not think of if you are only

focused on the energy side of coal one is

converting coal into carbon so carbon fiber and

one is extracting rare earth minerals from coal

so coal to carbon is important as we look at our

overall energy mix because carbon creates

lighter materials so a car built out of carbon is

going to be a lot lighter than a car built out of

steel and it is going to be more energy efficient

so it's a win win.

That's true it is a win win.

Wind and solar definitely use a lot of rare earth

minerals and those rare earth metals are

typically found in Asia most of them in China

and the extraction process around the mining of

these rare earth minerals is not environmentally

neutral there are definitely some impacts. So

just like with anything we need to look at how

we can diversify our access to those rare earth

minerals in Utah we are looking at how maybe

coal can serve as a source of rare earth minerals

which would one help diversify impacts and two

help to increase the security of access to those

materials.

Right.

I do want to talk about the reliability coal factor.

I had this thought come to my head how many

power supply sources could easily be disrupted

in creating electricity for the grid and to me coal

plants are the only place where I see fuel on

ground ready to go in the hopper. Can you

address for us.

I think that the concern over fuel disruptions or

fuel volatilities not misplaced. We do need to

look at how are we going to insure reliability or

reliance over time especially as we see them

more of these intermittent resources come on

so let me talk about reliability and the context

of how we move electrons around. We need

transmission lines to do that and we have found

it takes a long long time to build transmission.

So as we continue to see those transmission

projects delayed there is a chance we will see

more congestion in what I will call the pipeline.

Because if you are relying more on the natural

gas to back up those intermittent resources

locally you could start to see some real

congestion in pipelines that is just my opinion. I

think real term real time that is an issue that we

are going to have to address I think your bigger

question is really around emergency scenarios.

How do we plan when it comes to reliability

resiliency in the face of an emergency and that

goes back to the need for the all of the above

resource mix and I think Utah demonstrated

that that mix can be affective in providing

resiliency and also reducing greenhouse gases.

In fact we have reduced our greenhouse gases

by 14% since 2008 and we have done it with

coal as part of the mix and we have also done it

without mandates.

Wow, that is impressive that leads me to

another thing while we have this reprieve we

have an opportunity to promote some of these

voluntary things that usually tend to get better

outcomes than required things that causes to

cut back. How does that fit into this mix?

We think that market based incentives really

work and I think that is demonstrated by the

Utah approach we are continuing to see

significant economic growth and so that

greenhouse gas reduction number in terms of

our electric generation mix we have realized

even as our economies continue to grow.

Growth may slow a bit but we are still a growing

economy and so we are going to want to

achieve our environmental goals our energy

goals while keeping energy affordable and that

is one thing that we have done here in Utah and

you can compare Utah to let's say California

where they have had very aggressive

greenhouse gas goals and I think you put our

accomplishments next to theirs and we have

been very successful. I think their reductions

would be in the neighborhood of about 20%

and they are debatable numbers since 2000 and

we are 14% since 2008 both very robust

economies growing economies but their

electricity rates are double give maybe just a

little bit compared to Utah rate so Utah is doing

it at the same time we are keeping energy

affordable.

So basically saying if I have a $70 electric bill at

my house and my house in California it would

be $140 a month.

Yes, pretty much.

Wow.

Depending on the time of year it might be

more.

break right here and going to add a bit to our

last I have a couple of question I want to save

and it will take some time to answer them so

we break early here and be back in just a

minute.

Welcome back to the County Seat we have

been talking about coal and its future in Utah.

We have a few counties that heavily rely on

coal it's been a part of their traditional

economies and these are the ones that the

Deseret news said wake up guys and figure out

something else to do being Carbon, Emery and

Sevier. Those are our coal economies in the

state is there any chance that we can clean up

coal technology and find some way of

proving its value in the next decade while we

have a favorable administration that there

could be new coal power plants that come on

line.

Well that is a tough question. It takes a long

time to plan a permit a coal plant. And you

need the investors there to do it. I would say

one of the biggest challenges right now is we do

not see dollars attracted to investing in new

coal plants. I think one goal that we can

achieve is retention of our current existing

efficient coal fleet and that is going to be

important for resiliency within our electric grid

system. There are ancillary service I will call

them that are provided by coal plants there are

also provided by hydro facilities that are

difficult to realize as these plants go away and if

we do not retain them we are going to see

higher prices period. In fact the reports I

mentioned by the national energy technology

lab already indicated that that is one I think

focus on retention of our very efficient cost

effective plants today. As far as economies go

we are coal has been a main stay of

development and growth I think that we need

to continue to look for the opportunities for

those coal resources and including exports you

and I have discussed that exports are up from

the US 60% in Q 1 of 2017 compared to the

same period in 2016 so global demand for coal

is still there so let's also work on figuring out

these export opportunities and we have seen

resistance at some of our ports I think there are

opportunities there and we have met recently

even with folks from Sichuan province in China

they came here and toured and met with

industry to talk about advance coal those

opportunities are real and those are the things

we can sort through.

Is there a possibility that we can export our

technology alongside of our coal?

Absolutely.

Perhaps improve the overall picture of coal as I

know that other places are not generating the

way we do.

Absolutely it's a combination of great

technology and really good coal that is going to

lead to the win win win for our energy our

economy and the global environment.

Okay very good do you think people are

generally misinformed about coal in Utah? The

general public the folks that may watch this

show?

I think it's a mix bag. Some people have a good

understanding of the value of coal and some

people do not have a full set of facts.

How do we fix that?

We continue the conversation and keep talking

about it.

Does this report have some of that conversation

in it?

I think so folks can go on line and take a look at

it energy.utah.gov/publications.

Excellent thank you so much for taking the time

with us today it's always a pleasure to talk to

you and find your conversations very

enlightening. Coal is still part of the picture and

give a shout out to Carbon county we still think

you have a good future in coal and obviously

the state seems to be taking it seriously and

trying to help you accomplish that. Thank you

for watching they County Seat and joining us

catch us on social media like us on Facebook

and we will see you next week on the County

Seat.

For more infomation >> The County Seat One on one with Dr Laura Nelson Energy Advisor for Governor Gary Herbert - Duration: 28:51.

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Fresno State Stall Seat Journal - Duration: 1:48.

Oh hi!

Didn't see you guys there, but what I DID notice though is the Stall Seat Journal!

Have you guys ever seen this before or noticed it?

The stall seat journal is a monthly newsletter created by the Student Health & Counseling

center and are placed strategically in stalls around campus to promote health & wellness

& information of campus resources to our Fresno State students in a creative way

Let's be real, you get to read while you're doing your business.

This journal was originally inspired by the University of Virginia & Virginia Commonwealth

University newsletters in 2008 to inform students about drinking & health resources on campus.

According to research by American Standard, 63% of people read while they're in the

bathroom & since it's so common, why not create something like this for our students, right?

We get to read about health & wellness instead of being on our phones.

Instagraming, snapchatting, creating videos ... and we get to kill two birds with one

flush!

The Stall seat journal is designed with colorful graphics and letterings to highlight the blurb

published and are often times themed according to the time of the year.

Originally the focus of the newsletter was placed on alcohol safety, but it has expanded

over time to address all aspects of student health & wellness.

With that being said, I am going to turn it over to my teammates so they can tell you

more about what we've done and I'm going to finish reading this stall seat journal while

I finish my business.

flushes toilet

bye guys!