The Fiat 124 is a small family car manufactured and marketed by Fiat between 1966 and 1974.
The saloon superseded the Fiat 1300 and was the basis for several variants including a station wagon, a four-seater coupé (124 Sport Coupé),
a two-seater convertible (124 Sport Spider) and a lengthened and more luxurious version, the 125, launched in early 1967.
The Russian-built Lada 1200 and 1300 produced until 1988 were based on the Fiat 124, along with other licensed variants manufactured worldwide.
The 124 was superseded in its home market by the Fiat 131 Mirafiori.
Following its introduction in 1966 with a publicity stunt, with Fiat filming the dropping of the car by parachute from a plane, the 124 won the 1967 European Car of the Year.
As a clean-sheet design by Oscar Montabone, the chief engineer responsible for its development, the 124 used only the all-synchromesh gear box from the Fiat 1500.
The 124 featured a spacious interior, advanced coil spring rear suspension, disc brakes on all wheels and lightweight construction.
A 5-door station wagon variant (named 124 Familiare on its home market) as well as the 124 Sport Spider variants debuted at the 48th Turin Motor show in November 1966.
A few months later, at the March 1967 Geneva Motor Show, the 124 Sport Coupé completed the range.
The two Sport models were powered by an all-new 1.4-litre dual overhead camshaft engine producing 90 DIN-rated PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 6,500 rpm.
In October 1968 Fiat launched the 124 Special; like Fiat's other Special models, it was an upmarket, better appointed and higher performance variant of the standard saloon.
A month after, in November, it was displayed at the 50th Turin Motor Show alongside its larger sibling, the new 125 Special.
In addition to a 1.4-litre overhead valve engine, the 124 Special notably introduced all-new 5-link (four longitudinal, one transverse) solid axle rear suspension in place of the original 3-link design.
Starting from late 1968 the same improved rear axle was adopted by both Sport models.
In detail the Special's 1,438 cc type 124 A2 engine had the same bore and stroke of the Sport Coupé and Sport Spider engines (80 × 71.5 mm),
but eschewed the dual overhead camshafts of the two sportscars in favour of the more conventional overhead valve setup from the 124 saloon.
With a downdraught (instead of the 1.2's sidedraught) twin-choke Weber 32 DHS or Solex C32 EIES carburettor and a 9.0:1 compression ratio,
engine output was 70 DIN-rated metric horsepower (51 kW; 69 hp) at 5,400 rpm and 110 DIN-rated newton metres (81 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3,300 rpm.
Fiat advertised a top speed of over 150 km/h (93 mph).
Besides engine and rear axle, notable mechanical changes from the regular 124 were an alternator replacing the dynamo, an uprated clutch,
standard radial tyres, and the addition of a vacuum servo to the all-disc braking system.
Visually the Special could be immediately distinguished from the standard model by its new, rectangular grille with four inset round headlamps.
Less evident differences were larger vertical bumper over-riders, wheels with round ventilation holes as on the Sport models,
new flush door handles, different tail lamps with integrated reflectors, and a central back-up light.
The interior featured a redesigned padded dashboard with an oval binnacle housing two round instruments and a car radio console, a steering wheel without horn ring, new door cards, and more supportive seats.
At the November 1970 Turin Motor Show Fiat introduced a round of updates for the entire saloon and wagon 124 range, as well as a new model variant—the 124 Special T.
All models had gained air outlets added to the C-pillar for better ventilation, and a split brake circuit;
while some features previously exclusive to the 124 Special such as servo-assisted brakes, back-up light and an alternator were made standard across the range.
Berlina and Familiare both had a new grille with alternated chrome and black horizontal bars, and larger bumper over-riders.
Additionally the Berlina had large, nearly square tail lamps made up by two stacked rectangular elements.
The renewed Special sported a completely redesigned front end.
A black, square-mesh radiator grille was crossed by an horizontal bright bar joining the dual headlamps; each of the four round lamps was set in its own square, bright-edged housing.
The grille-headlamps assembly was flanked by the turn indicators.
Front and rear the bumpers had lost their over-riders, replaced by full-width rubber strips.
The "T" in 124 Special T stood for twin cam, hinting at the car's 1,438 cc dual overhead camshaft engine, derived from the Sport Coupé and Spider but in a milder state of tune.
Externally the Special T was identical to the Special, save for model badging at the rear.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Fiat sought to extend its worldwide reach by entering into various collaborative agreements with smaller manufacturers
(mostly in developing nations) by licensing the 124 design following its discontinuation in mainstream Western European markets,
including the widely known variant manufactured by AvtoVAZ in the former Soviet Union, manufacturer of the Lada.
In 1966, Fiat entered into a collaborative agreement with the Soviet government to establish car manufacture in the Samara region of Russia.
Fiat was contracted to take part in the creation of the massive VAZ plant in the newly created town of Togliatti, named after the Italian communist leader of the same name.
The factory produced an adapted version 124R of the 124, known as the VAZ-2101 "Zhiguli" (sold as the Lada 1200/1300 in export markets), until 1982, and 1200s until 1987.
Based on the 124, they were modified at more than 800 points, the major modifications having an entirely different OHC engine, hydraulic clutch, drum brakes at the rear, modified suspensions, etc.
The updated and restyled versions of the 124-based design were produced until September 2012, as the VAZ-2104, 2105 and 2107 – marketed as the Lada Riva (or Lada Classic) in most Western European markets.
Production of this line reached 17,332,954 cars, this being the second largest production volume for a car in automotive history.
The Fiat 124 was also introduced in India by Premier Automobiles Limited.
Premier had acquired in 1981 the chassis of the facelifted SEAT 124 after authorisation from Fiat and was released in the autumn of 1985 as the Premier 118NE.
The car was very similar to the 1966 version except for a few cosmetic changes to the front and rear.
However, Premier incorporated the Nissan A12 (1,171 cc and 52 bhp) powertrain instead of the original Fiat engine along with a Nissan manual gearbox.
Added in 1996, there was also a version called the 1.38D which sported a diesel engine, built under license from Fratelli Negri Macchine Diesel Sud of Italy.
At the end of production an improved model called Viceroy was released in collaboration with Peugeot. Production ended in 2001.
In the frame of the licence agreement between SEAT and Fiat, it was produced and sold in Spain with the name SEAT 124 from 1968 to 1975.
Also a clone from the 124 Special with some elements from Fiat 125 was produced from 1969 to 1975 with the 1438 cc engine along with the twin-cams known as the "FUs" 1,600 cc (1970–72), and 1,800 cc (1972–75) branded as SEAT 1430.
In 1975 when Fiat stopped production of the Fiat 124, the SEAT 124 had a minor facelift done by Giorgetto Giugiaro changing the aesthetics of the car by changing the round headlamps to rectangular design
and integrating taillights into the body, car was known as the SEAT 124D and remained in production until 1980 with the Sport versions now codenamed the "FLs",
FL-40/45 1,600 cc 90HP, FL-80/82 1,800 cc 114HP and FL-90 1,919 cc 114HP.
The car was very successful in Spain, and was sold in both the four-door and station wagon versions.
The Fiat 124 was also produced under the name Pirin-Fiat in Lovech, Bulgaria, on the basis of complete knockdown (CKD) kits between 1967 and 1971.
The Fiat 124 was also produced by Tofaş under the names "Murat 124" between 1971-1977 and "Serçe" ("sparrow" in Turkish) between 1984-1994, in Bursa, Turkey.
134,867 Murat 124s were produced between 1971 and 1994.
Tofaş concurrently produced the Fiat 131 series under the name Murat 131 between 1976 and 2002. Today, the company manufactures bona fide Fiat models.
The Fiat 124 was also produced under the name Fiat-KIA 124 by Asia Motors in South Korea, between 1970 and 1975.
From 2002 to 2007, Lada-Egypt company built at least 9,000 cars (2,200 in 2006) in the shell of VAZ-2107 (Riva), and it continues in 2012.
At Salone dell'Automobile of Torino in 1966, Carrozzeria Touring presented a convertible version of Fiat 124 saloon.
It was the last car built by Touring.
Only one example was made.
Reactions were positive, but the Fiat CEO terminated this project in favour of the Pininfarina-styled 124 Sport Spider.
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